CarboSeed® S is a series of spherical solid carbon beads available in different sizes and with different densities. CarboSeed S is ideally suited for use in stirred cultures and perfused systems, and particularly, for surface cultures of anchorage-dependent cells, forming tight junctions and confluent cell layers. CarboSeed® SH is similar by CarboSeed S, a series of spherical carbon beads, but with a hollow core. The design of this beads allows adjusting the specific density down to 0,5 g/ml. This light beads can be suspended and do not require high stirring speeds to be agitated resulting in minimized shear stress. CarboSeed® G series are carbon microcarriers optimized for solid state bio-processes and packed columns. The granulated microcarriers are available in different particle sizes, also for cultivation of adherent bacteria or yeast fermentation. CarboSeed® SM is a macro-porous, hollow spherical carbon bead that allows for cell in-growth and three-dimensional cell cultivation. The microcarriers are designed to zero shear stress and can be cultivated without any agitation. CINVENTION CarboSeed nano-structured microcarriers with bioactive carbon-based surfaces are available in different specifications.